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目的纵向了解低出生体重儿的发生率及变化趋势,探讨防治措施,降低围生儿的病死率。方法对我院产科近20年来低出生体重儿发生率分5个年份进行抽样调查。结果共调查新生儿5057例,其中低出生体重儿(包括早产和足月低体重儿)350例,平均发生率6.9%。低出生体重儿发生率1983年、1988年、1993年、1998年及2003年5个年份分别为9.4%、8.7%、6.1%、4.6%及4.0%(P<0.01)。多胎低体重儿发生率5个年份分别为19.8%、19.4%、13.8%、30.0%及48.5%(P<0.01)。早产低体重儿比例5个年份分别为59.0%、50.0%、59.0%、65.0%及81.8%,足月低体重儿比例5个年份分别为41.0%、50.0%、41.0%、35.0%及18.2%(P<0.05)。男女性别比例变化无差异(P>0.05)。结论近20年低出生体重儿发生率呈逐年下降趋势,多胎比例呈逐年上升趋势,早产低体重儿发生比例有逐年增高趋势,足月低体重儿发生比例呈逐年下降趋势;低体重儿发生与性别无关。应预防早产和多胎,积极防治妊娠高血压综合征和胎膜早破。
Objective To understand the incidence and change trend of low birth weight children longitudinally and explore the prevention and treatment measures to reduce the mortality of perinatal children. Methods The incidence of low birth weight children in obstetrics and gynecology in our hospital in 5 years was sampled in the past 20 years. Results A total of 5057 newborns were investigated, including 350 with low birth weight (including preterm and term low birth weight infants) with an average incidence of 6.9%. The prevalence of low birth weight infants was 9.4%, 8.7%, 6.1%, 4.6% and 4.0% in 1983, 1988, 1993, 1998 and 2003 (P <0.01). The prevalence of multiple births and low birth weight was 19.8%, 19.4%, 13.8%, 30.0% and 48.5% respectively in 5 years (P <0.01). The proportion of preterm low birth weight children in five years were 59.0%, 50.0%, 59.0%, 65.0% and 81.8%, respectively. The proportion of full - term low birth weight children was 41.0%, 50.0%, 41.0%, 35.0% and 18.2% (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in sex ratio between men and women (P> 0.05). Conclusions The incidence of LBW in the recent 20 years shows a declining trend year by year. The proportion of multiple births shows an increasing trend year by year. The proportion of premature low birth weight children increases year by year, and the proportion of full - term low birth weight children declines year by year. Sex has nothing to do. Should prevent premature birth and multiple births, active prevention and treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension and premature rupture of membranes.