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目的通过对暂缓献血人群再次献血情况进研究,探索影响再次献血的影响因素,为指导针对性的开展干预活动,提供理论依据。方法将2015年7月-12月间来参加献血但由于某种原因,暂缓献血时间不超过3个月(含)的献血者,按月份分成两组,7-9月为对照组,10-12月为观察组,对观察组中的研究对象除进行现场宣教,并在暂缓期满前1周内进行电话沟通联系,进行相应的献血知识教育,而在对照组,不采取特别的措施。结果对照组中暂缓期满3个月内献血的比例为7.3%(121/1 658),观察组中暂缓期满3个月内献血的比例为37.5%(774/2 064)。女性献血者再次献血的比例(27.2%)显著高于男性(22.0%);不同年龄段中,在对照组随着年龄增高,暂缓期满3个月内献血率逐步增高,46-60岁年龄组最高,达到12.1%;而在观察组,随着年龄增高,暂缓期满3个月内献血率逐步下降,18-25岁年龄组的再次献血的比例最高为45.1%;随着受教育程度的增高,无论是对照组还是观察组,暂缓期满3个月内献血的比例均出现了增高的趋势,其中受教育程度为大专及大本段比例为最高,在对照组为10.9%,而观察组为46.8%。除了研究生及以上组观察组和对照组无统计学差别外,其余各类别,献血的比例都有显著性的差异。结论把35周岁以下年龄组的暂缓献血者作为目标人群进行心理干预,效果最为理想,对女性的干预效果好于男性。
Objective To study the influencing factors of re-donation after the blood donation was suspended in blood donors, and to provide the theoretical basis for guiding the targeted interventions. Methods From July to December 2015, blood donors who participated in the blood donation but for some reason suspended their blood donation for 3 months or less were divided into two groups according to the month, and the control group from July to September. The 10- December was the observation group. In addition to conducting on-the-spot education on the subjects in the observation group, telephone communication was conducted within 1 week before the expiry of the suspension period, and corresponding knowledge of blood donation was provided. In the control group, no special measures were taken. Results The proportion of blood donation in the control group within 3 months of expiration was 7.3% (121/1 658). The proportion of blood donations in the observation group within 3 months of suspension was 37.5% (774/2 064). The proportion of female donors who donated blood again was significantly higher than that of men (22.2%). In different age groups, the blood donation rate increased gradually in the control group with age and within 3 months after the suspension, In the observation group, with the increase of age, the blood donation rate gradually decreased within 3 months of the expiry of the suspension period, and the highest rate of re-donation in the 18-25 years old group was 45.1%. With the education level In both control group and observation group, the proportion of blood donation tended to increase in the three months after the suspension, among which the education level was the highest among the college and the major one, and was 10.9% in the control group The observation group was 46.8%. In addition to the graduate students and the above observation group and the control group no significant difference, the rest of the various categories, the proportion of blood donations were significantly different. Conclusions Psychological intervention is the best for those who have suspended blood donation in the age group of 35 years of age as the target group, and the intervention effect on women is better than that of men.