视网膜具有接受外界光线刺激形成冲动及向中枢传导的基本功能。它在组织学上分为十层,贯穿着三种神经元,即视细胞、双极细胞和神经节细胞。神经节细胞的树状突在内网状层与双极细胞形成突触,其轴突(轴索)内行后向着视乳头急转,近成直角,与内界膜平行。轴突及其胶质构成神经纤维层(简称NF)。由NF排列而成的视网膜神经纤维(简称RNFL)有如下成分:除少数先天异常外,绝大多数为无髓又无膜的轴 The retina has the basic function of receiving external light stimuli to form an impulse and conduct to the central nervous system. It histologically divided into ten layers, runs through three kinds of neurons, namely, depending on cells, bipolar cells and ganglion cells. The dendrites of the ganglion cells form synapses with the bipolar cells within the reticular layer, and their axons (axon) turn sharply toward the optic disc in the line of sight, nearly at a right angle, and are parallel to the inner limiting membrane. Axons and their glial constitute the nerve fiber layer (referred to as NF). The retinal nerve fibers (abbreviated as RNFLs), which are arranged by the NF, have the following components: most are unmyelinated and membrane-free axes except for a few congenital anomalies