目的　研究秦巴山区家庭状况对儿童智力发育的影响。方法　在已进行弱智儿童流行病学调查的基础上 ,对病因未明轻度弱智、边缘和正常儿童用“秦巴山区儿童情况与家庭状况入户调查表”进行入户调查 ;用C WISC量表做智力测验。结果　导致该地区成为弱智高发区的主要危险家庭状况因素 :①父母亲文盲 ;②与儿童交往少 ;③母孕期、婴幼儿期家庭经济条件差 ;④家庭文化条件差 ;⑤婴儿期居室光线昏暗 ;⑥语言刺激少 ;⑦缺乏家庭教育 ;⑧家庭不良社会心理因素。结论　母亲的智力状况、教育水平、家庭生活环境及经济状况等因素影响着秦巴山区儿童的智力发育 ,教育母亲 ,提高母亲的文化水平和改善经济状况是提高当地儿童智力的主要措施。 Objective To study the impact of family status in Qinba Mountains on the mental development of children. Methods Based on the epidemiological investigation of mentally retarded children, we investigated the “Household Survey on Childhood and Family Status in Qinba Mountains” on the basis of the epidemiological investigation of mentally retarded children, the etiology of unknown mild mentally retarded, marginal and normal children. Using the C WISC scale Do mental tests. As a result, the region became a major risk factor for family status in high-risk areas: ① parents are illiterate; ② have little contact with children; ③ poor economic conditions during the first trimester and infancy; ④ poor family culture; ; ⑥ little language stimulation; ⑦ lack of family education; ⑧ poor family psychosocial factors. Conclusion The mental status, education level, family life environment and economic status of mothers affect the mental development of children in Qinling-Bashan Mountains. The main measures to improve the intelligence of local children are to educate their mothers, improve their cultural level and improve their economic status.