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：观察小儿肺部感染或由此并发的肺不张病例，进行支气管肺灌洗（ＢｒｏｎｃｈｏａｌｖｅｏｌａｒＬａｖａｇｅ，ＢＡＬ）治疗的效果。方法：对８７例此种患儿于金属支气管镜下对病变肺段进行ＢＡＬ（灌洗组），并与３０例常规药物治疗者（对照组）进行治疗后起效时间和疗效的比较。结果：灌洗组起效时间比对照组明显缩短（Ｐ＜０．０１）；两组疗效无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：支气管镜直视下行ＢＡＬ可及时的清除阻塞物，改善通气功能；同时局部使用抗生素等药物，促进病变的吸收好转，使病程大为缩短。此外，金属支气管镜通气腔大，视野广阔，操作环境宽松，便于清除支气管内阻塞物，较之纤维支气管镜更符合小儿的生理要求，故有较好的使用价值。
: Observe the effect of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in children with pulmonary infection or concurrent atelectasis cases. Methods: Eighty-seven patients undergoing bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were enrolled in this study. The onset time and effect of BAL were compared with those of 30 patients treated with conventional drugs (control group). Results: The onset time of the lavage group was significantly shorter than that of the control group (P <0.01). There was no significant difference between the two groups (P> 0.05). Conclusions: Bronchoscope direct descending BAL obstruction can be cleared in time to improve ventilation function; while local use of antibiotics and other drugs to promote the improvement of pathological absorption, the course of the disease is greatly reduced. In addition, the metal bronchoscope ventilation chamber, wide field of vision, relaxed operating environment, easy to remove the intrabronchial obstruction, compared with the bronchoscopy is more in line with the physiological requirements of children, it is better value.