东北林区是我国最大的国有林区和木材生产基地。根据1988年全国森林资源普查的结果说明,东北林区的活立木总蓄积量占全国活立木总蓄积量的41.81×10~(-2)。由此可见,东北林区对整个国家林业的发展的兴衰起着举足轻重的作用。 建国以来,由于经济建设对木材的需求迅速增长,导致对森林资源的过渡采伐,当时由于对森林资源的更新和培育重视不够,致使全国森林蓄积量日益减少,林分质量逐年下降,使过去主要依靠木材生产获得经济收益的东北国有林区的林业局连年亏损,入不敷出,长期拖欠上缴款项和企业职工工资。为了避免企业的简单再生产和保证职工一定的生活费用,许多林业局不得不依靠国家贷款来维持,欠款金额逐年上升。企业经济上的不景气,又反过来影响了对营林生产的投入,进而又延缓了森林资源的增长,形成恶性循环的不良局面。 东北林区普遍出现的森林资源危机和经济危困的局面越来越引起有关部门和林区自身的极大关注。从生产部门到科研、教学部门,从各级林业管理干部到有关专家和学者都在为改善“两危”局面献计献策。围绕着“加速森林资源”和“振兴林区经济”这两个主要目标,出台了一系列的政策和措施:如研制和 Northeast Forest is China’s largest state-owned forest and timber production base. According to the results of the 1988 National Forest Resources Survey, the total volume of live standing trees in the northeast forest area accounted for 41.81 × 10 -2 of the total stock volume of live standing trees in the country. Thus, the Northeast Forest Zone plays an important role in the development and decline of forestry in the entire country. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, due to the rapid growth of demand for timber due to economic construction, it led to the transitional harvesting of forest resources. At that time, due to inadequate attention to the renewal and cultivation of forest resources, the national forest stockpiles decreased and the quality of the forests decreased year by year, The forestry bureau in the northeast state-owned forest relying on wood production for financial gain has suffered losses year after year and has been unable to make ends meet. In order to avoid the simple reproduction of enterprises and ensure the living expenses of workers, many forestry bureaus have to rely on state loans to maintain the amount of arrears increased year by year. The economic downturn of enterprises has, in turn, affected the investment in silviculture, further retarding the growth of forest resources and creating a vicious circle of bad situation. The crisis of forest resources and the economic crisis that are common in Northeast China’s forests have drawn more and more attention from relevant departments and forest areas themselves. From the production sector to scientific research and teaching departments, forestry management cadres at all levels, relevant experts and scholars are making suggestions to improve the “two jeopardy” situation. Around the two main objectives of “accelerating forest resources” and “revitalizing the forest economy”, a series of policies and measures have been put in place: research and development