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在基础化学中所接触的无机酸大致有两种:一种是中心原子与质子直接相连的(X-H)氢化物;另一种是中心原子与氧直接相连的含氧酸。这两种酸的强度大小意味着它们释放质子(H~+)的难易程度。影响酸性大小的因素很多,但是,归根到底反映在与质子直接相连的原子对它的束缚力的强弱上。这种束缚力的强弱与该原子的电子密度的大小有着直接的关系。因此,可以说,与质子直接相连的原子的电子密度是决定无机酸强度的直接因素。譬如,将水合质子、水以及氢氧根加以比较,其酸性强度的次序为:H_3O~+>H_2O>OH~-。如果从静电引力的角度加以考虑的话,那么这
There are roughly two types of inorganic acids that are contacted in basic chemistry: one is a (X-H) hydride in which a central atom is directly linked to a proton; the other is an oxo acid in which a central atom is directly linked to oxygen. The strength of these two acids means that they release protons (H~+) easily. There are many factors that affect the size of acidity, but in the final analysis, it is reflected in the strength of the binding force of atoms directly connected to protons. This kind of binding force has a direct relationship with the size of the atom’s electron density. Therefore, it can be said that the electron density of atoms directly connected with protons is a direct factor in determining the strength of inorganic acids. For example, comparing the hydrated protons, water, and hydroxides, the sequence of the acid strengths is: H 3 O +H 2 O>OH~-. If it is considered from the perspective of electrostatic attraction, then this