转向架的主要零部件——摇枕、侧架,由于经常承受多种载荷的作用,因而产生弯曲、拉伸、剪切及扭转等诸应力,当应力超过材料的屈服极限时,就容易引起零部件的裂损,甚至造成车辆的重大颠覆事故。因此,研究车辆零部件损伤的规律,掌握零部件损伤的知识,以便更好地检查与修理车辆,确保运输安全,是十分重要的。 The main components of bogies - bolsters, side frames, often suffer from loads such as bending, stretching, shearing and twisting, which tend to cause them when the stress exceeds the yield limit of the material Parts of the crack, and even caused a major subversive accident vehicles. Therefore, it is very important to study the law of damage to vehicle parts and acquire knowledge of damage to parts to better inspect and repair vehicles and ensure the safety of transportation.