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以13份美国大豆生育期组(maturity group,MG)标准品种为对照,于2013-2015年对47份黄淮主推品种和新选育大豆品种进行生育期组划分,并用与生育期相关的SSR标记Satt431、Satt215和Satt557进行分子辅助鉴定。结果表明:47份参试品种3年平均生育日数归MGIV的品种数最多,有31份,占参试品种数的65.95%;归到MGIII和MGV的分别有6和10份,占12.77%和21.28%。3年均归在同一生育期组内的品种有蒙1157-1、蒙1158-1和徐9302-204等13份,占27.66%,说明这些品种受环境因子影响较小,生育期比较稳定。用于辅助鉴定大豆生育期组的3个SSR标记对47份平均生育日数归属MGIII和MGV的选择效率分别为83.33%和90.00%,而归属MGIV品种的基因型较为复杂。研究发现,参试品种3年平均生育日数96~104d,株高46.22~85.90cm,主茎节数12.20~19.04节,其中2014年参试品种平均株高和主茎节数的变异系数均最小。归属MGII-MGIV的大豆品种平均株高和主茎节数随生育期组增加而升高,但MGV则反之。本试验结果为利用分子标记辅助大豆生育期组的划分提供依据与方法。
Thirteen standard varieties of maturity group (MG) were used as control, and the main growth varieties of 47 cultivars of Huanghuai and newly-selected soybean cultivars were divided into three groups from 2013 to 2015, Marker Satt431, Satt215 and Satt557 for molecular-assisted identification. The results showed that the average number of 3-year breeding days of 47 tested cultivars was the highest in MGIV with 31 cultivars, accounting for 65.95% of the cultivars tested. There were 6 and 10 copies, accounting for 12.77% of MGIV and MGV 21.28%. Thirteen varieties (1157-1, 1158-1 and 9302-204) were found in the same growth period within 3 years, accounting for 27.66% of the total, which indicated that these varieties were less affected by environmental factors and had a relatively stable growth period. The three SSR markers that were used to identify soybean growth stages were 83.33% and 90.00%, respectively, for selection of MGIII and MGV for 47 reproductively-born days, whereas the genotypes of the MGIV cultivars belonging to MGIV were more complicated. The results showed that the average 3-year birth days of the tested varieties ranged from 96 to 104 days, the plant height was 46.22 to 85.90 cm and the number of main stems was from 12.20 to 19.04. The coefficients of variation of average plant height and main stem number of the tested varieties in 2014 were the smallest . The average plant height and number of main stem segments of the soybean cultivars belonging to MGII-MGIV increased with the increase of the growth stage, but MGV contrasted. The results provide the basis and method for molecular marker-assisted soybean division.