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以黄土高原30年长期肥料定位试验为基础,依据降水将生育年划分为干旱年、平水年和丰水年,研究不同施肥方式对黄土高原冬小麦产量.、肥料贡献率和降水利用率的影响.结果表明:小麦连续种植30年中,氮磷配施和氦磷钾配施下小麦产量、肥料贡献率和降水利用率显著高于不施肥和单施肥处理,氮磷钾配施下小麦产量、肥料贡献率和降水利用率分别达到3480 kg·hm~(-2)、61.45 kg·kg~(-1)、6.13 kg·mm~(-1)·hm~(-2);不同降水年型下,丰水年小麦产量、肥料贡献率和降水利用率相对较高;使用逐步回归分析可知,不同降水年型下小麦产量主要受氮磷肥施用量、休闲期降水和越冬期降水影响.黄土旱塬可以通过提高氮磷用量同时适当施用钾肥,以及在休闲期做好蓄水保墒工作来提高小麦产量.
Based on the 30-year long-term fertilizer locating test in the Loess Plateau, the fertilization years were divided into dry year, flat-water year and wet-year according to precipitation, and the effects of different fertilization modes on winter wheat yield, contribution rate of fertilizer and precipitation utilization rate on Loess Plateau were studied. The results showed that wheat yield, fertilizer contribution rate and precipitation utilization rate were significantly higher than those under no-fertilization and single-fertilization treatments during the 30 years of wheat continuous-cropping. The yield of wheat under NPK fertilization, The contribution rates of fertilizer and precipitation were respectively 3480 kg · hm -2, 61.45 kg · kg -1 and 6.13 kg · mm -1 · hm -2, Under the abundant water years, the yield of wheat, the contribution rate of fertilizer and the utilization rate of precipitation were relatively high. According to the stepwise regression analysis, the yield of wheat under different precipitation years was mainly affected by the application amount of nitrogen and phosphorus, rainfall during the leisure time and overwintering period. Highland can increase the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus at the same time the appropriate use of potash, as well as in the leisure water storage and conservation work to improve wheat yield.