自旋电子学在研究早期被称为磁电子学,是凝聚态物理中发展起来的新科学分支,主要研究金属和金属氧化物及半导体中电子的自旋极化,自旋相关的散射及自旋驰豫等。文章简单介绍了自旋电子学的发展历程,巨磁电阻、磁性薄膜、动态随机存储器MRAM及巨磁电阻传感器的研究现状及应用前景。 Spintronics, known as magnetoelectronics early in the study, is a new branch of science developed in condensed matter physics and focuses on the spin-polarization of electrons in metals and metal oxides and semiconductors, spin-dependent scattering, and Chi relaxation and so on. The article briefly introduces the development history of spintronics, the research status and application prospect of giant magnetoresistance, magnetic thin film, dynamic random access memory (MRAM) and giant magnetoresistance sensor.