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齐格蒙特·鲍曼是当代西方世界探讨现代性与后现代性问题不可绕过的最重要的社会理论家之一。在《现代性与大屠杀》中,鲍曼通过考察二战期间纳粹屠犹的深层社会原因,激烈地批判了现代性尤其是现代理性。大屠杀事件的发生,现代理性的膨胀为其提供了观念支撑,而由现代官僚制度构建的基本社会架构则为其提供了现实可能。由此大屠杀最终演变为由设计者、实施者、观望者与受害者之间密切配合的社会集体行为。最后,鲍曼寄希望于通过道德良知与道德责任的唤醒来使人们避免重陷大屠杀之困境。
Siegmünter Baumann is one of the most important social theorists in the contemporary Western world to explore the problems of modernity and postmodernity. In “Modernity and the Holocaust,” Bauman heatedly criticized modernity, especially modern reason, by examining the deeper social causes of the Holocaust during World War II. The occurrence of the massacre and the expansion of the modern rationality provided the conceptual support for it. The basic social structure built by the modern bureaucracy provided the real possibility for it. As a result, the Holocaust eventually evolved into a social collective act closely coordinated by designers, implementers, watchers and victims. Finally, Bowman hopes to avert the plight of the Holocaust by awakening moral conscience and moral responsibility.