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近十年中,神经生理学领域中的一个较大的进展是发现在哺乳动物脑内存在有大量的肽类物质,其总数已达30余种(表1)。除下丘脑释放肽外,大部分的肽过去被认为只存在于非神经组织中。如垂体的ACTH、生长激素和黄体生成素等,消化道的胃泌素、胆囊收缩素(CCK)、血管活性肠肽(VIP)等。通常将既存在于胃肠道,又存在于脑中的肽称为脑-肠肽(brain-gut peptides),其数目也有十余种。国外对脑-肠肽的研究早期比较集中于它们在脑内的定位、分布、含量,以及在神经元中合成和传递过程等方面。这些工作对了解脑-肠肽在中枢神经系统中的功能提供了重要的线索。近年来有较多的实验室开始注意其功能,从而对胃肠激素在机体生理活动调节中的意义有了进一步了解。
In the recent decade, one of the major advances in the field of neurophysiology has been the discovery of a large number of peptides in the brain of mammals, for a total of more than 30 species (Table 1). In addition to releasing the peptide in the hypothalamus, most of the peptides were thought to be present only in non-neural tissues. Such as the pituitary ACTH, growth hormone and luteinizing hormone, gastrointestinal gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and so on. Peptides, which are both present in the gastrointestinal tract and in the brain, are generally referred to as brain-gut peptides, and their number is also more than ten. Foreign research on brain-gut peptide is more focused on their early brain localization, distribution, content, and synthesis and transmission in neurons and so on. These efforts provide important clues to understanding the function of brain-gut peptides in the central nervous system. In recent years, more laboratories began to pay attention to its function, which has a better understanding of the significance of gastrointestinal hormones in the regulation of physiological activities of the body.