随着计算机科学的发展与日益广泛地应用到生产、科研等各个领域,信号的数字处理技术上被人们用于随机振动数据分析。本文概述了随机振动数据分析的方法,着重介绍数字功率谱估计的原理、方法和误差分析,指出了防止频率混淆、抑制泄漏的途径以及提高精度的平滑方法。最后,通过一个实船振动的数字谱分析并与传统的模拟分析法作比较,说明了数字谱分析技术的优越性。 With the development of computer science and the increasingly wide range of applications in production, research and other fields, the signal digital processing technology is used by people for random vibration data analysis. This paper summarizes the method of stochastic vibration data analysis, focuses on the principle, method and error analysis of digital power spectrum estimation, and points out the ways to prevent frequency aliasing, suppress leakage and improve the accuracy of the method. Finally, the superiority of the digital spectrum analysis technique is illustrated by a digital spectrum analysis of the vibration of a real ship and comparison with the traditional simulation analysis method.