【目的】了解3～5年级学生社交焦虑情况,并深入研究其与影响因素之间的关系,为学生的心理健康提供科学依据。【方法】抽取哈尔滨市3所小学3～5年级学生及其家长共927对作为研究对象。学生完成以下问卷:儿童社交焦虑量表,父母养育方式评价量表,核心自我评价量表,社会支持评定量表;家长完成以下问卷:流调中心用抑郁量表,焦虑自评量表。【结果】本次共调查927名学生的社交焦虑检出率为26.3%,女生的社交焦虑检出率(13.7%)虽然高于男生(12.6%),但差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.01,P=0.922)。除父母焦虑和父母偏爱被试无显著性相关外,父母情感温暖理解、学生社会支持和学生核心自我评价呈负相关(r=-0.068、-0.089、-0.196、-0.481),其余因素均与学生社交焦虑呈正相关。核心自我评价量表(CSES)、父过度保护(FF6)、母情感温暖理解(MF1)、家长抑郁(CES-D)依次进入回归方程,回归系数分别为-0.258、0.137、0.050和0.040。【结论】家长对子女要求苛刻、过度保护或对子女缺乏温暖理解都会成为社交焦虑的危险因素;较高的社会支持和自我评价有助儿童社交能力的发展。 【Objective】 To understand the social anxiety of Grade 3 ~ 5 students and to study the relationship between them and its influencing factors in depth, and to provide a scientific basis for their mental health. 【Methods】 A total of 927 pairs of students from grade 3 to grade 5 in Harbin and their parents were selected as research subjects. Students completed the following questionnaires: Children’s Social Anxiety Scale, Parental Rearing Assessment Scale, Core Self-Assessment Scale, and Social Support Rating Scale. Parents completed the following questionnaires: Depression Scale for Mediation Center and Self-rating Anxiety Scale. 【Results】 The detection rate of social anxiety among 927 students was 26.3%. Although the prevalence of social anxiety was 13.7% in girls than in boys (12.6%), the difference was not statistically significant (χ2 = 0.01 , P = 0.922). Except parental anxiety and parental preference test, there was no significant correlation between parents ’feelings of warmth, social support and students’ core self-evaluation was negatively correlated (r = -0.068, -0.089, -0.196, -0.481), the rest of the factors were Students’ social anxiety was positively correlated. The CSES, FF6, MF1 and CES-D entered the regression equation in turn with regression coefficients of -0.258, 0.137, 0.050 and 0.040, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Parents demanding their children, overprotective or lack of warm understanding of their children will become risk factors for social anxiety. Higher social support and self-evaluation will help children develop social skills.