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本研究以两个时期(1980年、2007年)收集的来自云南15个州、市有代表性的601份水稻农家品种为试验材料,在云南西双版纳和海南三亚种植鉴定,调查记载了播抽历期、株高、穗长、有效穗数、每穗粒数、结实率、千粒重、谷粒长、谷粒宽、长宽比、穗抽出度、剑叶长和剑叶宽等13个农艺性状,并分析了两个不同时期收集群体间的表型和多样性指数差异。研究表明,在云南西双版纳和海南三亚,播抽历期、株高、每穗粒数、谷粒宽、长宽比、穗抽出度等6个性状的表型平均值在两个时期间均表现为显著或极显著差异,而且播抽历期、每穗粒数、长宽比的均值表现为2007年收集的群体(简称G2群体)高于1980年收集的群体(简称G1群体),株高、谷粒宽、穗抽出度的均值表现为G1群体高于G2群体。在两种植地点两个群体的变异系数在两时期间差异均不显著,多样性指数在云南种植地点有显著差异。对两个时期间不同州、市的表型多样性分析发现,在两个种植地点,各州、市在两个时期间的表型多样性指数差异不显著。对不同时期收集的籼、粳两亚群间多样性比较表明,两个群体中粳稻亚群的平均多样性指数均高于籼稻亚群;籼稻亚群的平均多样性指数在两个种植地点均是G2群体(1.845/1.867)高于G1群体(1.791/1.830),而粳稻亚群的平均多样性指数则相反。综上所述,近30年来云南水稻农家品种的表型变异在两个时期间无显著差异,但总体表现为播抽历期变长,株高变矮,每穗粒数变多,谷粒长宽比变大,穗抽出度变短等趋势,表型性状的多样性指数也有增加的趋势。
In this study, 601 rice farmers from 15 prefectures and cities in Yunnan Province, collected in two periods (1980 and 2007), were selected as experimental materials and cultivated in Xishuangbanna of Yunnan and Sanya of Hainan Province. The survey recorded sowing records Thirteen agronomic traits such as plant height, ear length, effective panicle number, grain number per panicle, seed setting rate, grain weight per plant, grain length, grain width, aspect ratio, spike extraction rate, flag leaf length and flag leaf width , And analyzed the phenotypic and diversity index differences between the collected populations in two different periods. The results showed that the mean phenotypic mean values of six traits such as sowing duration, plant height, grain number per panicle, grain width, aspect ratio, and panicle exsertion in Xishuangbanna and Hainan Sanya in Yunnan Province all appeared during the two periods Was significant or very significant difference, and the sowing date, grain number per spike, the average aspect ratio of the performance of the population collected in 2007 (referred to as the G2 population) was higher than the population collected in 1980 (referred to as the G1 population) , The average of grain width and spike extraction showed that the G1 population was higher than the G2 population. There was no significant difference in the coefficient of variation between the two populations in the two planting sites during the two periods, and the diversity index showed significant differences in the planting sites in Yunnan. The analysis of the phenotypic diversity of different states and municipalities in the two periods showed that there was no significant difference in the phenotypic diversity index between the two planting sites in each state and city in the two periods. The comparison of the diversity between two subpopulations of indica and japonica collected in different periods showed that the average diversity index of japonica rice subgroups in both populations were higher than those in indica rice subgroup. The average diversity index of indica rice subgroup in both planting sites Is higher in the G2 population (1.845 / 1.867) than in the G1 population (1.791 / 1.830), whereas the average diversity index in the japonica rice subpopulation is the opposite. In summary, the phenotypic variation of Yunnan rice farmers in the recent 30 years showed no significant difference between the two periods, but the overall performance was that the duration of sowing was longer, the plant height became shorter, the number of grains per panicle increased, The aspect ratio becomes larger and the spike extraction rate becomes shorter. The diversity index of phenotypic traits also tends to increase.