《诗经》中的《烝民》一诗,是研究中国古代思想史的重要资料,为学者们所重视。特别是对此诗首章:“天生烝民,有物有则。民之秉彝,好是懿德”四句,学者们着重作了剖祈和发挥。具有代表性的意见认为:首章四句诗“在我国思想史上第一次提出物质法则和宇宙规律的哲学命题”;“有物有则”是表现了“宇宙有其自然之法则”,“有唯物主义倾向”,是历史上很大的进步”等等。这些就其哲学思想而发挥的说法。在谈到此诗的社会伦理思想时,有人认为,“承认被奴役的人民也是天生的,也有德性”是《烝民》一诗的主要思想,而“民之秉彝,好是懿德”反映出的思想是“道德观念的社会化”,还有人认为此诗所讲的是配天原则,“不但贵族可以配天,而且一般的人民也和天命有关了”,言下之意,认为此诗是讲“民德”的代表作了。 The “people” poem in The Book of Songs is an important material for studying the history of ancient Chinese thought and is valued by scholars. In particular, the first chapter of this poem: “born of the people, there are things there are people.”, Yi is good, “the four sentences, the scholars focused on the dissection and play pray. The representative opinion is that the first four chapters of the poem ”for the first time in the history of our thoughts put forward the philosophical propositions of the laws of matter and the laws of the universe“; ”the possession of the things“ refers to ”the law of the universe having its own nature“ and ” There is a tendency toward materialism “, which is a great improvement in history, etc. All these sayings about his philosophical thinking When talking about the social ethics of this poem, some people think that” it is natural to admit the enslaved people , But also virtue “is the main idea of ​​a poem of” people “, and the idea that” the virtue of the people is good and the virtue is good “reflects the” socialization of moral values ​​“. Others think that this poem is about” According to the principle of matching up with nature, “not only the aristocrats can match up with the heaven but also the ordinary people are also connected with the destiny.” They said that this poem is the representative of “moral virtue.”