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植物的挥发性成分具有多种生物活性功能。为了发掘和利用柞树资源的天然活性成分,采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析方法对辽东栎(Quercus liaotungensis)和麻栎(Quercus acutissima)叶片、树皮中的挥发性化学成分进行分析鉴定。在辽东栎和麻栎的叶片中分别鉴定出29、28种挥发性化学成分,在树皮中分别鉴定出23、27种挥发性化学成分。其中,辽东栎叶片中相对含量超过1%的组分包括4-羟基-4-甲基-2-戊酮、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、叶绿醇、11,14,17-顺-二十碳三烯酸甲酯、己二酸二(2-乙基己)酯、1-二十醇和油酸酰胺,麻栎叶片中相对含量超过1%的组分有己二酸二(2-乙基己)酯、二十五烷、维生素E、4-羟基-4-甲基-2-戊酮、(1R)-(+)-CIS蒎烷、1-十六炔、叶绿醇、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、9,12,15-十八烷三烯酸甲酯和油酸酰胺;在辽东栎树皮中相对含量超过1%的组分包括甘油脂肪酸酯、1-二十醇、二十七烷、反式角鲨烯、N-二十九烷、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、二十烷、油酸酰胺、己二酸二异辛酯、二十五烷、十一烷、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚和棕榈酸甲酯,麻栎树皮中相对含量超过1%的组分包括氰乙酸叔丁酯、叶绿醇、亚油酸、硬脂酸、十六碳酰胺、油酸酰胺、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、己二酸二(2-乙基己)酯、1-二十二烯和角鲨烯。对上述检测到的挥发性化学成分进行分类,以酮类化合物、酯类化合物的含量较高,同时还检测到多种具有药用价值的成分如多不饱和脂肪酸、叶绿醇和角鲨烯等。同一树种不同部位检测到的挥发性化学成分的组成相近,但相对含量各异;不同树种的不同部位或同一部位之间检测到的挥发性化学成分的组成和含量都存在差异。
Volatile components of plants have a variety of biological activity. In order to explore and utilize the natural active ingredients of the oak tree resources, the volatile chemical constituents of Quercus liaotungensis and Quercus acutissima leaves and bark were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) Analysis and identification. In the leaves of Quercus liaotungensis and Quercus acutissima, 29 and 28 volatile chemical constituents were identified, and 23 and 27 volatile chemical constituents were identified in the bark respectively. Among them, the relative contents of more than 1% of the leaves of Quercus liaotungensis include 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, dibutyl phthalate, phytol, 11,14,17-cis-bis The components of the decanedicarboxylate, di-2-ethylhexyl adipate, 1-eicosanol and oleic acid amide with the relative content of more than 1% (1R) - (+) - CIS pinane, 1-hexadecyne, phytol, neopentyl glycol, Dibutyl phthalate, methyl 9,12,15-octadecadienoate and oleic acid amide; the relative contents of more than 1% in the bark of Quercus liaotungensis include glycerol fatty acid esters, 1-twentieth Heptacosane, trans squalene, N-nonacosane, dibutyl phthalate, eicosane, oleic acid amide, diisooctyl adipate, pentacosane, ten 1, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol and methyl palmitate, the relative content of more than 1% in the bark of Quercus acutissima including t-butyl cyanoacetate, phytol, linoleic acid, Acid, palmitamide, oleic acid amide, dibutyl phthalate, di (2-ethylhexyl) adipate, 1-docosene and squalene. The above-mentioned volatile chemical components were classified to higher levels of ketones and esters, and various pharmacologically valuable components such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, phytol and squalene were also detected . The composition of volatile chemical components detected in different parts of the same species is similar, but the relative contents are different. The composition and content of volatile chemical components detected in different parts of the same tree or in the same part are different.