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目的了解玉溪市传染病突发公共卫生事件流行特征,为制定防控策略提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对2004-2014年玉溪市网络直报系统中突发公共卫生事件报告数据构成比、罹患率、病死率及发病趋势进行分析。结果 2004-2014年玉溪市共报告传染病突发公共卫生事件131起,报告病例4 683例,死亡10例,罹患率5.23%(4 683/89 494),病死率为0.21%(10/4 683)。其中未分级事件20起,占15.27%;一般级别事件110起,占83.97%,较大事件1起,占0.76%,无重大、特别重大事件。事件类别以丙类传染病事件为主,共102起(77.86%),发病3 610例,甲、乙、丙类和其他类传染病事件之间罹患率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=1 077.75,P=0.000);传播途径以呼吸道传染病为主,共报告67起(51.14%),发病3 708例,各传播途径之间罹患率总体差异有统计学意义(χ~2=282.99,P=0.001);报高发病高峰在9-12月,11月最高;学校是突发公共卫生事件的高发场所,共发生102起(77.86%);农村、乡镇、城市之间罹患率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=348.99,P=0.000)。结论 2004-2014年玉溪市传染病突发公共卫生事件发生频繁,形势不容乐观,在今后一个时期内仍是卫生应急的重点,加强学校各类传染病疫情的预防与控制是减少玉溪市传染病突发公共卫生事件的关键。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in infectious diseases in Yuxi City and provide the basis for making prevention and control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the data of public health emergencies in the direct reporting system from 2004 to 2014 in Yuxi City, and the data of attack rate, case fatality rate and incidence trend were analyzed. Results A total of 131 public health emergencies of communicable diseases were reported in Yuxi City from 2004 to 2014, with 4 683 reported cases and 10 deaths. The attack rate was 5.23% (4 683/89 494) and the case fatality rate was 0.21% (10/4 683). Among them, 20 were non-graded events, accounting for 15.27%; 110 were general-level incidents, accounting for 83.97%; one major incidents accounted for 0.76%, with no major or special major incidents. There were 102 incidents (77.86%) and 3 610 cases of incidents of infectious diseases in Category C. The incidence of incidents among A, B, C and other types of infectious diseases was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 1 077.75, P = 0.000). The main routes of transmission were respiratory infectious diseases, 67 cases (51.14%) were reported, and 3 708 cases were reported. There was a statistically significant difference in attack rates between different routes of transmission (χ ~ 2 = 282.99 , P = 0.001). The highest peak incidence was in September-December and the highest in November. The school was the high incidence of public health emergencies, with a total of 102 (77.86%) incidence rates. The prevalence rate among rural, township and urban areas was significantly different There was statistical significance (χ ~ 2 = 348.99, P = 0.000). Conclusion The public health emergencies in Yuxi City during 2004-2014 are frequent and the situation is not optimistic. It is still the focus of health emergency in a period of time to come. Strengthening the prevention and control of the epidemic situation of all kinds of infectious diseases in schools is to reduce the infectious diseases The key to public health emergencies.