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由于亚当.斯密对经济学的巨大影响,对斯密思想的传统研究,多出自“自由资本主义”的视角。本文尝试对此思想路径作出批评,力求通过对其正义理论的叙述,揭示其道德哲学基础,梳理出其自然法和政治理论的总体框架、特点,从而回到斯密思想之真相。正义是亚当.斯密道德哲学中最关键的概念,它不仅是一种伦理德性,也还是政治和法律德性。正义是社会秩序的基础,是包括商业在内的任何社会不可缺少的消极德性。因此,仅从正义出发,斯密对商业社会的论述也必然具有政治和道德关怀。
Due to Adam Smith’s huge influence on economics, the traditional study of Smith’s ideas is based on the perspective of “free capitalism.” This thesis attempts to criticize this thought path and tries to return to the truth of Smith’s thought through the narration of his theory of justice, revealing its moral and philosophical foundation, and combing its overall framework and features of natural law and political theory. Justice is the most crucial concept in Adam Smith’s moral philosophy. It is not only an ethical virtue, but also a political and legal virtue. Justice is the foundation of social order and an indispensable negative virtue in any society, including commerce. Therefore, just from the point of view of justice, Smith’s commercial society must also have political and moral concerns.