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【摘 要】高血压病,又称原发性高血压,是以动脉血压升高,尤其是舒张压升高为特点的全身性、慢性血管疾病。以头痛、头晕为主要临床表现。由于其是一种慢性疾病,治疗过程比较长,因而目前临床上多采用中西医结合。小剂量多种药物联合及交替使用,以期减少副反应,防止或延缓产生耐药性。高血压一经确诊,将终生服药。本病属中医“头痛”、“眩晕”等范畴,多为肝阳上亢,肾精不足所为,当以滋阴育阳,补肾益精为治,中医辨证施治,一般分为以下几型。
【关键词】高血压;中医辨证;治疗
【中图分类号】R544.1 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】1004-7484(2013)05-0683-01
【Abstract】hypertension, also known as hypertension, elevated blood pressure, especially the diastolic blood pressure, systemic vascular disease characterized by chronic. In order to have a headache, dizziness, as the main clinical manifestations. Because it is a chronic disease, the treatment process is relatively long, thus the current clinical use of combining traditional Chinese and Western medicine. Alternating and small dose of many drugs, in order to reduce the side reaction, prevent or delay the emergence of drug resistance. Hypertension is confirmed, will be life-long medication. The disease is a traditional Chinese medicine "headache", "vertigo" category, for the hyperactivity of liver Yang, deficiency of the kidney essence for, when to nourishing Yin Yu Yang, tonifying kidney and strengthening essence for treatment, syndrome differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine, generally divided into the following types.
【keyword】hypertension; TCM treatment
1、肝火上炎型:主要表現为高血压伴头目眩晕,胸胁胀满疼痛,失眠多梦,烦燥易怒,舌红苔薄黄,脉弦。当以清热泻肝为治,可选用丹栀逍遥散加减,药取丹皮、山栀子、柴胡、薄荷、当归、茯苓、白术、白芍、夏枯草、钩藤、草决明各10克,甘草5克,水煎服,每日1剂,(下同)。中成药可选用复方罗布麻冲剂,每次1袋,每日3次口服;丹栀逍遥丸,每次9克,每日2次口服;龙胆泻肝口服液,每次1支,每日2次口服;夏枯草膏,每次10毫升,每日2次口服;心脑静口服液,每次1支,每日3次口服;山花晶颗粒,每次10克,每日3次口服。
2、肝阳上亢型: 主要表现为高血压伴眩晕耳鸣,头痛且胀,每因烦恼或恼怒而头晕、头痛加剧,面时潮红,急燥易怒,少寐多梦,口苦,舌质红,苔黄,脉弦。当以平肝潜阳,清炎熄风为治,可选用天麻钩藤饮加减,药取天麻、钩藤、山栀子、牛膝、杜仲、黄芩、益母草、桑枝、夜交藤、夏枯草、竹茹各10克,石决明30克(先煎)。中成药可选用牛黄降压丸(片),每次1丸,每日3次口服;天麻钩藤颗粒,每次10克,每日3次口服;脑立清片(胶囊),每次10片,每日2次口服;牛黄上清丸,每次1丸,每日2次口服;复方羚羊角降压片,每次3片,每日3次口服;天母降压片,每次3片,每日3次口服。
3、气血亏虚型:主要表现为高血压伴眩晕动则加剧,劳累即发,面色苍白,唇甲不华,心悸失眠,神疲懒言,饮食减少,舌质淡,脉细弱。当以补养气血,健运脾胃为治,可选用八珍汤加减,药取当归、川芎、白芍、熟地、党参、茯苓、白术、炙甘草、阿胶(另煎兑入)、牛膝、黄芪、灵芝各10克。中成药可选用归脾丸,每次10克,每日3次口服;补中益气丸(合剂、口服液),每次10克,每日2次口服;黄芪精口服液,每次1支,每日3次口服;人参健脾丸,每次10克,每日3次口服。
4、肾精不足型:主要表现为高血压伴眩晕神疲健忘,腰膝酸软,遗精耳鸣。偏于阴虚者,五心烦热,舌质红,脉弦细。偏于阳虚者,四肢不温,舌质淡,脉沉细。偏阴虚者,当以补肾滋阴为治,可选用杞菊地黄汤加减,药取枸杞子、菊花、熟地、山药、枣皮、茯苓、泽泻、丹皮、竹叶、旱莲草、草决明、夏枯草各10克。中成药可选用杞菊地黄丸(口服液、颗粒、片),每次10克,每日3次口服;左归丸,每次1丸,每日3次口服;大补阴丸,每次1丸,每日3次口服;复方首乌地黄丸,每次9克,每日3次口服;杜仲降压片,每次4片,每日3次口服。偏阳虚者,宜补肾助阳,可选用金匮肾气丸加减,药取附片、肉桂、熟地、山药、枣皮、茯苓、泽泻、丹皮、枸杞子、黄芪、牛膝、补固脂各10克。中成药可选用金匮肾气丸,每次10克,每日3次口服;右归丸,每次1丸,每日3次口服;参茸丸,每次10克,每日3次口服。
5、痰浊中阻型:主要表现为高血压伴眩晕而见头重如蒙,胸闷恶心,少食多寐,舌苔白腻,脉濡滑。当以燥湿祛痰,健脾和胃为治,可选用平胃散加减,药取陈皮、厚朴、甘草、苍白术、茯苓、大枣、法夏、菖蒲、泽泻各10克,草蔻、白蔻、砂仁各5克(后下)。中成药可选用蛇胆陈皮口服液(片、胶囊),每次1支,每日2次口服;天麻片,每次5片,每日3次口服。
【关键词】高血压;中医辨证;治疗
【中图分类号】R544.1 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】1004-7484(2013)05-0683-01
【Abstract】hypertension, also known as hypertension, elevated blood pressure, especially the diastolic blood pressure, systemic vascular disease characterized by chronic. In order to have a headache, dizziness, as the main clinical manifestations. Because it is a chronic disease, the treatment process is relatively long, thus the current clinical use of combining traditional Chinese and Western medicine. Alternating and small dose of many drugs, in order to reduce the side reaction, prevent or delay the emergence of drug resistance. Hypertension is confirmed, will be life-long medication. The disease is a traditional Chinese medicine "headache", "vertigo" category, for the hyperactivity of liver Yang, deficiency of the kidney essence for, when to nourishing Yin Yu Yang, tonifying kidney and strengthening essence for treatment, syndrome differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine, generally divided into the following types.
【keyword】hypertension; TCM treatment
1、肝火上炎型:主要表現为高血压伴头目眩晕,胸胁胀满疼痛,失眠多梦,烦燥易怒,舌红苔薄黄,脉弦。当以清热泻肝为治,可选用丹栀逍遥散加减,药取丹皮、山栀子、柴胡、薄荷、当归、茯苓、白术、白芍、夏枯草、钩藤、草决明各10克,甘草5克,水煎服,每日1剂,(下同)。中成药可选用复方罗布麻冲剂,每次1袋,每日3次口服;丹栀逍遥丸,每次9克,每日2次口服;龙胆泻肝口服液,每次1支,每日2次口服;夏枯草膏,每次10毫升,每日2次口服;心脑静口服液,每次1支,每日3次口服;山花晶颗粒,每次10克,每日3次口服。
2、肝阳上亢型: 主要表现为高血压伴眩晕耳鸣,头痛且胀,每因烦恼或恼怒而头晕、头痛加剧,面时潮红,急燥易怒,少寐多梦,口苦,舌质红,苔黄,脉弦。当以平肝潜阳,清炎熄风为治,可选用天麻钩藤饮加减,药取天麻、钩藤、山栀子、牛膝、杜仲、黄芩、益母草、桑枝、夜交藤、夏枯草、竹茹各10克,石决明30克(先煎)。中成药可选用牛黄降压丸(片),每次1丸,每日3次口服;天麻钩藤颗粒,每次10克,每日3次口服;脑立清片(胶囊),每次10片,每日2次口服;牛黄上清丸,每次1丸,每日2次口服;复方羚羊角降压片,每次3片,每日3次口服;天母降压片,每次3片,每日3次口服。
3、气血亏虚型:主要表现为高血压伴眩晕动则加剧,劳累即发,面色苍白,唇甲不华,心悸失眠,神疲懒言,饮食减少,舌质淡,脉细弱。当以补养气血,健运脾胃为治,可选用八珍汤加减,药取当归、川芎、白芍、熟地、党参、茯苓、白术、炙甘草、阿胶(另煎兑入)、牛膝、黄芪、灵芝各10克。中成药可选用归脾丸,每次10克,每日3次口服;补中益气丸(合剂、口服液),每次10克,每日2次口服;黄芪精口服液,每次1支,每日3次口服;人参健脾丸,每次10克,每日3次口服。
4、肾精不足型:主要表现为高血压伴眩晕神疲健忘,腰膝酸软,遗精耳鸣。偏于阴虚者,五心烦热,舌质红,脉弦细。偏于阳虚者,四肢不温,舌质淡,脉沉细。偏阴虚者,当以补肾滋阴为治,可选用杞菊地黄汤加减,药取枸杞子、菊花、熟地、山药、枣皮、茯苓、泽泻、丹皮、竹叶、旱莲草、草决明、夏枯草各10克。中成药可选用杞菊地黄丸(口服液、颗粒、片),每次10克,每日3次口服;左归丸,每次1丸,每日3次口服;大补阴丸,每次1丸,每日3次口服;复方首乌地黄丸,每次9克,每日3次口服;杜仲降压片,每次4片,每日3次口服。偏阳虚者,宜补肾助阳,可选用金匮肾气丸加减,药取附片、肉桂、熟地、山药、枣皮、茯苓、泽泻、丹皮、枸杞子、黄芪、牛膝、补固脂各10克。中成药可选用金匮肾气丸,每次10克,每日3次口服;右归丸,每次1丸,每日3次口服;参茸丸,每次10克,每日3次口服。
5、痰浊中阻型:主要表现为高血压伴眩晕而见头重如蒙,胸闷恶心,少食多寐,舌苔白腻,脉濡滑。当以燥湿祛痰,健脾和胃为治,可选用平胃散加减,药取陈皮、厚朴、甘草、苍白术、茯苓、大枣、法夏、菖蒲、泽泻各10克,草蔻、白蔻、砂仁各5克(后下)。中成药可选用蛇胆陈皮口服液(片、胶囊),每次1支,每日2次口服;天麻片,每次5片,每日3次口服。