Objective To explore the active components with toxic effects in five Aconitum L.herbal medicines on Tetrahymena thermophila.Methods The fingerprints of five Aconitum L.herbal medicines were established by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography(UPLC)and the toxicity was evaluated by using a TAM Air Isothermal Calorimeter on Tetrahymena thermophila SB110.Results By analyzing the spectrumeffect relationships between UPLC fingerprints and toxic effects,the active components which had the toxic effects were obtained.Conclusion This work provides a general model of the combination of UPLC and microcalorimetry to study the spectrum-effect relationships of the five Aconitum L.herbal medicines,which could be used to evaluate the toxic effects and analyze the principal toxic components of the five Aconitum L.herbal medicines.On the whole,this result provides the experimental basis for the safe use of the five Aconitum L.herbal medicines in clinic. Objective To explore the active components with toxic effects in five Aconitum L. herbal medicines on Tetrahymena thermophila. Methods The fingerprints of five Aconitum L. herbal medicines were established by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and the toxicity was evaluated by using a TAM Air Isothermal Calorimeter on Tetrahymena thermophila SB110. Results by analyzing the spectrumeffect relationships between UPLC fingerprints and toxic effects, the active components which had the toxic effects were obtained. Conclusions This work provides a general model of the combination of UPLC and microcalorimetry to study the spectrum-effect relationships of the five Aconitum L. herbal medicines, which could be used to evaluate the toxic effects and analyze the principal toxic components of the five Aconitum L. therbal medicines. On the whole, this result provides the experimental basis for the safe use of the five Aconitum L. herbal medicines in clinic.