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目的系统分析并比较汶川地震与玉树地震伤病员的医疗后送特征,以期为将来应对特大地震伤病员医疗后送的组织实施提供借鉴。方法全面收集源于汶川、玉树地震伤病员医疗后送的现场调研、卫生部工作报告、国内外官方网站,以及数据库文献资料,并采用描述性方法进行分析。结果从汶川到玉树,伤病员后送原则趋于早期后送、全部后送;后送层级逐渐简化,由灾区一线经公路、铁路直接后送至后方医院,或以空运作为主要后送方式;分级救治概念弱化,力求早期进行专科治疗。结论早期确立适宜的后送原则、建立简化的后送体系、保证充足的卫生运力、科学评估各级救治能力是保证特大地震安全迅速有效的伤病员后送亟需解决的问题。
Objective To systematically analyze and compare the medical evacuation characteristics of wounded and sick patients in Wenchuan earthquake and Yushu earthquake so as to provide reference for the future implementation of the organization of medical evacuation in earthquake victims. Methods A comprehensive collection of on-site medical evacuation from wounded and sick patients in Wenchuan and Yushu earthquakes, work report of the Ministry of Health, official websites at home and abroad, and database documents were conducted and analyzed by descriptive methods. Results From Wenchuan to Yushu, the principle of evacuation of sick and wounded tended to be evacuated early and all evacuated; evacuation level gradually simplified from the first line of the disaster-stricken area to the rear hospital by road or rail, or by air as the main evacuation method ; Grading treatment concept weakened, and strive to early specialist treatment. Conclusions The establishment of an appropriate evacuation mechanism, the establishment of a simplified evacuation system and the adequate sanitation capacity and the scientifical assessment of the treatment capacity at all levels are issues that need to be urgently solved in order to ensure the prompt and effective protection of the victims of the massive earthquakes.