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院前和急诊就诊的患者绝大多数主诉急性剧烈疼痛~([1])。传统观点认为疼痛是疾病必然症状,是医师判断疾病的主要依据,药物镇痛掩盖病情,导致诊断不及时或漏诊,诊断明确后才可以药物镇痛。现代医学认为,疼痛是第五大体征,给患者造成严重损害,需要及时控制。近年来,随着医学界对疼痛认识的深入,术后镇痛、ICU镇痛、无痛人流、无痛胃肠镜检查等日益开展,院前和急诊镇痛逐渐引起关注,但依然薄弱~([2-6]),现对其综述如下。
The majority of patients in pre-hospital and emergency attendance complained of acute and severe pain ~ ([1]). The traditional view that pain is an inevitable symptom of the disease is the main basis for the physician to determine the disease, drug analgesics cover the disease, leading to the diagnosis is not timely or missed diagnosis, diagnosis can be clear after the drug analgesia. Modern medicine believes that pain is the fifth major sign, causing serious damage to patients, the need for timely control. In recent years, with the understanding of the medical profession on pain, postoperative analgesia, ICU pain, painless, painless gastrointestinal endoscopy and other increasingly carried out, prehospital and emergency pain gradually attracted attention, but still weak ~ ([2-6]), are summarized below.