湖南省虽地处内陆,明末清初至鸦片战争前实行“闭关锁国”政策,仅广州一口与外通商,湖南是广大巴蜀、西北、华北、中原腹地的货物运往广州的重要通道。因此,在这特殊的背景下,湖南境内的商贸活动异常繁忙,形成了岳阳、长沙、湘潭、衡阳、郴州等商业中心。据记载,乾隆年间,“盐集于长沙,徽商也。湘潭,则衡、永、郴、桂、茶、攸二十余州县之食货,皆于是地取给,故江苏商客最多;又地宜泊舟,秋冬之交,米谷骈至,樯帆所舣,独盛于他邑。衡州以上,商多 Although Hunan is located in the interior, the policy of ”closing the door to lock up the country“ was implemented before the end of the Opium War from the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty to the Opium War. Only Guangzhou had one trade with the rest of the country. Hunan was an important channel for transporting goods to the hinterland of the vast Sichuan, Northwest, North China and Central Plains. Therefore, in this special context, the commerce and trade activities in Hunan are exceptionally busy, forming the commercial centers of Yueyang, Changsha, Xiangtan, Hengyang and Chenzhou. According to records, Qianlong years, ”Salt set in Changsha, Hui Merchants also. Xiangtan, then Heng, Yong, Chen, Guangxi, tea, You twenty foodstuffs, Most; again should be boating, turn of autumn and winter, Miguo 骈 to, 樯 sail by the 舣, the only Sheng in his town. Hengzhou above, more business