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正常妊娠的发生赖于滋养细胞对子宫内膜的适度浸润。粘附分子CD44(cluster of differentiation 44)是一类普遍存在的多结构和多功能细胞表面分子,在母胎界面的表达具有时空特异性,能与透明质酸(Hyaluronan,HA)、基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinases,MMPs)相互作用,激活PI3K/AKT、MAPK/ERK1/2信号通路,调控绒毛外滋养细胞对子宫内膜基质的侵袭和迁移。此外,母胎界面中转化生长因子-β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)的差异性表达也可能通过CD44调控滋养细胞侵袭性质;CD44-MMPs复合物也可反馈调节炎症介质的释放,形成有利于胚胎着床和发育的免疫耐受微环境。当CD44及其特异亚型如CD44v3/6表达异常时,可致使妊娠失败或妊娠相关疾病的发生。
The occurrence of normal pregnancy depends on the proper infiltration of trophoblasts on the endometrium. Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) is a ubiquitous multi-structure and multi-functional cell surface molecule with spatiotemporal specificity at maternal-fetal interface. It can bind to hyaluronan (HA), matrix metalloproteinase matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and activate the PI3K / AKT and MAPK / ERK1 / 2 signaling pathways to regulate the invasion and migration of endometrial stromal cells. In addition, the differential expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in maternal-fetal interface may also regulate trophoblast invasiveness via CD44; CD44-MMPs may also be a feedback regulator of the release of inflammatory mediators Immune tolerant microenvironment conducive to embryo implantation and development. When CD44 and its specific subtypes such as CD44v3 / 6 abnormal expression, can lead to pregnancy failure or pregnancy-related diseases.