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为了研究北方大穗型杂交粳稻超高产的生理基础,为选育大穗型的北方杂交粳稻提供育种理论。对北方大穗型超级杂交粳稻辽优3072进行了产量结构和生理特性的研究。结果表明:与大穗型恢复系C52和小穗稳产型推广品种辽粳294相比,辽优3072灌浆中后期,叶片与根系的SOD、CAT、POD活性高、Vc、脯氨酸、叶绿素与可溶性糖含量较高,根系MDA含量较低,从而使辽优3072叶片同化产物生产旺盛,根系不早衰,有利于抵抗衰老和逆境,这是大穗型杂交稻辽优3072获得超高产的生理生化基础。同时也探讨了辽优3072各生理生化指标与亲本之间的关系。辽优3072的叶片SOD和CAT含量与父本显著相关,总叶绿素含量与母本显著相关,根系中SOD含量与父本显著相关。
In order to study the physiological basis of the extra-high-yielding japonica hybrid rice with large ears in northern China, breeding theory was provided for the breeding of japonica hybrid rice with large panicles. The yield structure and physiological characteristics of Liaoyou 3072, a large northern Japonica hybrid rice with large ears, were studied. The results showed that the activities of SOD, CAT and POD in leaves and roots were higher, and the contents of Vc, Proline, chlorophyll and chlorophyll in the medium and late filling stage of Liaoyou 3072 were higher than those in Liaojing 294, Higher soluble sugar content and lower root MDA content led to vigorous production of leaf assimilation products in Liaoyou 3072 and no premature decay of roots, which was good for resisting aging and adversity. It was a large-spike hybrid rice, Liaoyou 3072, which obtained super-high yield physiological and biochemical basis. The relationship between physiological and biochemical indexes and parents of Liaoyou 3072 was also discussed. The content of SOD and CAT in Liaoyou 3072 was significantly correlated with the male parent, the total chlorophyll content was significantly correlated with the female parent, and the SOD content in the root was significantly correlated with the male parent.