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机车车辆颤振现象出现于机车低速制动工况下,与制动过程的非线性制动力,机车车辆的动态结构特性及其相互作用有关。分析颤振现象的机理,基于振型耦合理论建立机车制动颤振现象的动力学模型,利用MATLAB/Simulink软件进行机车车辆颤振过程的动态特性仿真。理论分析和仿真结果表明:当系统阻尼高于一定数值时振动会消失;理论上通过改变材料增大阻尼,可以降低或消除系统的振动,但是改变制动系统材料要考虑到很多影响因素,实际工况不可行;因此,改变系统刚度k1,k2的差值和主振系统的刚度方向(α角),才是减小或消除机车车辆颤振现象的比较经济和直接的方法。
The flutter of locomotives occurs under low-speed locomotive braking conditions, which is related to the nonlinear braking force during braking, the dynamic structural characteristics of locomotives and their interaction. The mechanism of chattering phenomenon is analyzed. The dynamic model of locomotive brake flutter is established based on mode coupling theory. The dynamic characteristics of locomotive vehicle flutter simulation are simulated by using MATLAB / Simulink software. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the vibration will disappear when the system damping is higher than a certain value; in theory, the damping of the material can be reduced or eliminated by changing the material damping. However, many influencing factors should be taken into account when changing the braking system material, Therefore, changing the difference between the system stiffness k1 and k2 and the stiffness direction (α angle) of the main vibration system is a more economical and direct method to reduce or eliminate the chattering of rolling stock.