一、中国的工业企业现状 解放以后,中国实行了快速的工业化,建立了一套以计划经济为特征的公有制经济,实行有重工业为主的赶超战略,计划制度曾经取得了巨大的成就,包括产出的增加,实现了工业化,向全体人民提供了基本的教育、卫生保健住房和工作。这种体制在当时的国际环境和生产力水平下,起到了维护国家安全和稳定,短期内实现了经济的较快发展,但随着经济的进一步发展,计划的弊端逐渐的显露出来,主要问题是信息问题,在计划体制下,政府各级官僚机构即使具有非常精确和强大的计算能力,也不可能对经济的各个环节作十分精确的计算和预测,兰格的计算社会主义被证明是不可行的。同时,国有企业的管理是通过其选定的代理人来经营的,监督代理人的成本很高,而且代理 First, since the liberation of China's industrial enterprises, China has implemented rapid industrialization, established a public economy characterized by a planned economy and implemented a catch-up strategy featuring heavy industry. The planning system has made great achievements, including The increase in output has brought about industrialization and the provision of basic education, health-care housing and work to all the people. Under the prevailing international environment and productivity levels, such a system played a role in safeguarding national security and stability and in a short period of time achieved rapid economic development. However, with the further development of the economy, the drawbacks of the plan gradually revealed itself. The major problems were: Informational issues: Under the planning system, even if bureaucratic agencies at all levels of government have very precise and powerful computing power, it is impossible to make very accurate calculations and forecasts of all aspects of the economy. Lange's computational socialism proved ineffective of. At the same time, the management of state-owned enterprises is run through their chosen agents, the cost of supervising them is high, and the agency