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对银行长期利润和竞争优势的形成问题,始终没有一个理论给予有针对性的解释。在完全竞争的分析模型中,所有银行的利润均为零。在新古典主义同质性假设条件下,银行的竞争优势是短暂的,无法形成持久的利润差距。本文结合有关产业组织理论,提出银行异质性假设,认为长期成长过程中内部积累的核心知识和能力构成了银行之间的根本差异。作为关键性要素资源,核心知识和能力是非竞争性的,难以模仿和替代。正是这些特征使得银行长期利润和竞争优势得以形成。本文对我国商业银行在改革发展过程中如何构建并保持自身独特的竞争优势将提供有意义的启示。
There has never been a single theory that gives a targeted explanation of the long-term bank profits and the formation of competitive advantages. In a perfectly competitive analytical model, all banks have zero profits. Under the assumption of neoclassical homogeneity, the competitive advantages of banks are short-lived and can not form lasting profit gaps. Based on the theory of industrial organization, this paper puts forward the hypotheses of bank heterogeneity, and thinks that the core knowledge and ability of internal accumulation in long-term growth constitute the fundamental difference between banks. As a key elemental resource, core knowledge and ability are non-competitive and difficult to imitate and replace. It is these characteristics that have enabled banks to generate long-term profits and competitive advantages. This article will provide meaningful enlightenment to our country commercial bank how to construct and maintain its own unique competitive advantage in the process of reform and development.