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PW级脉冲功率驱动器中通常需要使用整体径向传输线(MRTL),以便将能量汇聚到负载上。为了了解MRTL的脉冲功率传输特性,基于多段均匀传输线级联模型,推导出了非均匀传输线输出电压的解析表达式。并从数学上证明了非均匀传输线的一些重要传输特性(首达波特性、脉冲压缩特性、高通特性)。利用CST微波计算软件包,对MRTL进行了3维电磁场模拟。结果表明:和电路模拟结果类似,指数线的最大功率传输效率高于Gaussian线和双曲线。但是,所有电磁场模拟得到的最大功率传输效率均比电路模拟大约低15%,这表明存在可观的非TEM模电磁场分量,因而基于TEM假设得到的电路模拟结果存在相当的误差。考虑到采用平板电极以便将几个MRTL叠在一起的要求,重点比较了双曲线和开孔指数线。虽然双曲线传输效率略低于指数线,但双曲线不需要开孔而易于加工,显然是最佳的选择。
The PW radial pulse power driver typically requires the use of an integral radial transmission line (MRTL) to concentrate the energy on the load. In order to understand the pulse power transmission characteristics of MRTL, an analytical expression for the output voltage of inhomogeneous transmission lines is derived based on the cascade model of multi-stage uniform transmission lines. And mathematically proved some of the important transmission characteristics of non-uniform transmission line (first-order wave characteristics, pulse compression characteristics, high-pass characteristics). Using CST microwave software package, we carried out 3-D electromagnetic field simulation of MRTL. The results show that the maximum power transfer efficiency of exponential line is higher than that of Gaussian line and hyperbola, similar to the circuit simulation results. However, the maximum power transfer efficiency for all electromagnetic field simulations is about 15% lower than the circuit simulation, indicating that there is considerable magnitude of non-TEM EMF components and the resulting circuit simulation based on the TEM assumption is subject to considerable errors. Considering the requirement of using plate electrodes to stack several MRTLs, the hyperbolic and open-cell exponential lines are compared with each other. Although the hypoid transmission efficiency is slightly lower than the exponential line, the hyperbola is obviously the best choice because it does not require openings and is easy to machine.