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钻井泥浆中矿物添加剂的质量对泥浆的性能和钻探油气井的总成本有着重要的影响。泥浆中使用的主要矿物有膨润土、重晶石、重晶石-赤铁矿混合物以及单一的赤铁矿。高比重矿物重晶石和赤铁矿用于提高钻井泥浆的密度。膨润土粘土用于增加钻井泥浆粘度和凝胶强度及提供低渗透性滤饼。一个钻井数百万元的投资和钻井上全部人员的安全,取决于这些泥浆添加剂与泥浆中其它组分之间的有效作用程度。本文指出重晶石或赤铁矿中少量的某种碳酸盐及硫化物矿物杂质产生的影响和膨润土中聚合物增充填加剂对泥浆不可预测的性能所产生的影响。这样的一些影响就是使用这些材料的石油公司本身确定的质量标准有时超过美国石油学会(API)规范13A规定标准的原因。本文也讨论了目前API第十三次委员会对这些矿物标准化的活动情况。
The quality of mineral additives in drilling mud has a significant impact on the performance of the mud and the total cost of drilling the well. The main minerals used in the mud are bentonite, barite, barite-hematite mixtures and a single hematite. High specific gravity mineral barites and hematites are used to increase the drilling mud density. Bentonite clay is used to increase drilling mud viscosity and gel strength and to provide a low permeability filter cake. A million dollar investment in drilling and the safety of all personnel on the well depend on how effective these mud additives are from the rest of the mud. This article points out the effect of small amounts of some carbonate and sulphide mineral impurities in barite or hematite and the effect of polymer augmenting additives in bentonite on the unpredictable behavior of mud. Some of these effects are the reason why quality standards set by the oil companies that use these materials themselves sometimes exceed the standards set by the American Petroleum Institute (API) Code 13A. This article also discusses the current activities of the Thirteenth Committee of the API for the standardization of these minerals.