INTRODUCTIONrnDue to tooth-derived inflammatory response and occlusal stress stimuli, the metabolism and remodeling of alveolar bone are considered to be the most active among the entire skeletal system.1–4 Alveolar bones have a different developmental origin and ossification process compared with long bones and other bones.5 Craniofacial bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show higher proliferation rate and osteogenic differentiation potential, but lower chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation capability.6–7 Interestingly, alveolar bone is more resistant to bone loss and adipocytes accumulation than long bone in ovariectomized rodents.