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目的了解上海市嘉定区狂犬病暴露人群的流行病学特征并评价暴露后处置效果,对狂犬病预防控制对策提出建议。方法收集2012-2016年上海市嘉定区狂犬病疫情资料及暴露处置门诊监测资料,利用流行病学和统计学方法进行整理汇总和分析。结果 2012-2016年间,狂犬病暴露累计60 244例次,年均增长率为12.82%,男女比例为1.17∶1.00,平均年龄为(34.05±20.68)岁,儿童、青少年是咬伤高风险人群;夏秋季高于其他季节;Ⅲ级暴露比例为5.97%,51.88%的Ⅲ级暴露患者接受狂犬病被动免疫治疗;暴露后第一时间内民众对伤口正确处理率仅为12.57%;22.78%的伤人犬只有明确的免疫接种史。结论上海市嘉定区狂犬病防控现状严峻,应加强犬只管理,提高犬免疫率,同时增加对专业技术人员的技术培训和对民众的健康宣教,提高暴露后处置能力。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of rabies exposed population in Jiading District of Shanghai and to evaluate the effect of post-exposure treatment, and to put forward suggestions for the prevention and control measures of rabies. Methods Data of outbreaks of rabies in Jiading District of Shanghai from 2012 to 2016 were collected and analyzed by epidemiological and statistical methods. Results Between 2012 and 2016, rabies exposure totaled 60,244 cases with an average annual growth rate of 12.82%. The average age was (34.05 ± 20.68) years. The average age was (34.05 ± 20.68) years. Children and adolescents were at high risk of biting. The rate of grade Ⅲ exposure was 5.97% and grade 51.88% of patients with grade Ⅲ exposure received rabies passive immunotherapy. The rate of correct treatment of the wounds in the first time after exposure was only 12.57% and that of 22.78% of the dogs Only a clear history of immunization. Conclusion The status of prevention and control of rabies in Jiading District of Shanghai is serious. Dog management should be strengthened and the immunization rate of dogs should be increased. At the same time, technical training for professional technicians and public health education should be increased to improve post-exposure management.