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海洋的下部边界象其上部边界一样,是一个物质和能量两路传递的区域。沉积物象雨一样连续下落;上复水溶解了沉积物中的一些物质同时沉淀出其他一些物质;由于压紧沉积物的作用,空隙水被向上挤出,溶解的形式通过离子和分子的扩散作用以及由空隙水携带而向上移动并从沉积物中出来。同时还可能发生向下进入沉积物的扩散。火山活动把熔岩喷在先存的沉积物上,而把挥发物放进局部体系中,造成了热和化学的反常现象。对这些过程的定量了解还很不够,这就限制了我们研究输入和逸出海洋的物质和能量的质量平衡的能力,只是对少数几种物质可以不严格地这样作。
The lower boundary of the ocean, like its upper boundary, is an area where both matter and energy are transmitted. Sediment drops continuously as rain; on rehydration dissolves some of the sediment while precipitating some other material; as a result of the compaction of the sediment, the interstitial water is pushed upwards and the dissolved form is diffused by ions and molecules As well as being carried up by the void water and out of the sediment. At the same time, there may also be diffusion down into the sediment. Volcanic activity sprayed lava on pre-existing sediments, placing volatile matter in local systems, causing thermal and chemical anomalies. The quantitative understanding of these processes is not enough, which limits our ability to study the mass balance of matter and energy input and escape the ocean, except that it is possible for a few to do so strictly.