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目的为新生儿麻疹、风疹疫苗的预防接种以及育龄妇女麻疹、风疹疫苗的推广提供科学依据。方法随机选取492对产妇及其新生儿,采集产妇外周血和新生儿脐带血5 ml,使用德国维润/赛润(virion/serion)麻疹、风疹试剂盒,采用酶联免疫吸附测定法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测麻疹、风疹Ig G抗体。结果产妇麻疹抗体阳性率为94.3%,抗体活性的几何均数(geometric mean titer,GMT)为1:1 264.3;风疹抗体阳性率为82.5%,GMT为1:151.0。新生儿麻疹抗体阳性率为97.6%,GMT为1:1 684.3;风疹抗体阳性率为84.3%,GMT为1:203.8。母婴麻疹(Z=-5.622,P<0.001)、风疹(Z=-4.625,P<0.001)抗体水平差异有统计学意义,且新生儿抗体水平均高于母亲。母婴麻疹(r=0.924,P<0.001)、风疹(r=0.945,P<0.001)抗体水平存在正相关关系。结论母传麻疹、风疹抗体存在浓缩效应,婴儿麻疹、风疹抗体水平随母亲抗体水平的升高而升高。加强对育龄妇女麻疹、风疹疫苗的接种,以提高新生儿母传麻疹、风疹抗体水平,有效降低低月龄婴儿的麻疹及风疹发病率。
Objective To provide scientific basis for the vaccination of measles and rubella vaccine and the promotion of measles and rubella vaccine in women of childbearing age. Methods A total of 492 pairs of maternal and newborn infants were collected. Five maternal peripheral blood and neonatal umbilical cord blood samples were collected. The blood samples were collected using the German virion / serion measles and rubella kit and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay -linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA) for measles and rubella Ig G antibodies. Results The positive rate of measles antibody was 94.3%. The geometric mean titer (GMT) of antibody was 1: 1 264.3. The positive rate of rubella antibody was 82.5% and the GMT was 1: 151.0. The positive rate of neonatal measles antibody was 97.6%, the GMT was 1: 1 684.3, the positive rate of rubella antibody was 84.3% and the GMT was 1: 203.8. The antibody levels of maternal and measles (Z = -5.622, P <0.001) and rubella (Z = -4.625, P <0.001) were statistically significant, and the neonatal antibody levels were higher than that of the mother. There was a positive correlation between antibody levels of measles (r = 0.924, P <0.001) and rubella (r = 0.945, P <0.001). Conclusion There is a concentration effect of measles and rubella antibodies on mother-to-child transmission. The level of measles and rubella antibodies in infants increased with the increase of maternal antibodies. Strengthen the measles and rubella vaccination of women of childbearing age, in order to improve the mother-to-child transmission of measles, rubella antibody levels, effectively reduce the incidence of measles and rubella in low-month-old infants.