现代经济学的效用理论认为,个人的效用不仅取决于自身的利益,也与他人的福利状况有关;如果自己的利他行为能够改善其他人的福利状况,那么,个人就会从利他行为中得到满足。如果从利他行为得到的效用大于自己有所付出的效用损失, The utility theory of modern economics holds that the utility of an individual depends not only on his own interests but also on the welfare of others; if his altruistic behavior can improve the welfare of others, then the individual will be satisfied from his altruistic behavior . If the utility obtained from altruistic behavior is greater than the utility loss that oneself has to pay,