恶性黑色素瘤(malignant melanoma),以下简称恶黑(MM),为来自能产生黑色素的细胞的恶性肿瘤。好发于皮肤,也发生于近皮肤被复鳞状上皮的粘膜,如结合膜、外阴、口腔、鼻腔、肛管,偶见于食管、支气管和胆道;此外还可发生于眼球内,软脑膜和畸胎瘤等处。恶黑的发病率在全世界以澳大利亚奎斯兰(Queensland)为最高,达16.4人/10万/年(1972)。我国较少,据上海市1974年统计为0.41/10万/年。由于寿命延长,诊断水平提高,恶黑的发病率有逐年增加的趋势,例如挪威1955 Malignant melanoma, hereinafter referred to as malignant black (MM), is a malignant tumor derived from melanin-producing cells. Occurs in the skin, but also in the mucous membranes of the skin near the complex squamous epithelium, such as the combined membrane, vulva, mouth, nose, anal canal, occasionally found in the esophagus, bronchus and biliary tract; can also occur in the eye, pia mater and Teratoma and other places. The incidence of evil black is highest in Queensland, Australia, with 16.4 persons per 100,000 person-years (1972). China is less, according to statistics from Shanghai in 1974, 0.41 per 100,000. As the life expectancy increases and the diagnostic level increases, the incidence of vicious black increases year by year. For example, Norway 1955