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调查表明,我国城乡居民恶性肿瘤死亡率属于世界较高水平,而且呈持续的增长趋势。近年来的研究发现在肿瘤的发生与发展过程中涉及到多种因素,其中mi RNA可能扮演了重要的作用。mi RNA是一种长度约为22 nt的非编码短序列RNA,通过介导特异性的基因沉默导致靶m RNA降解,促使相应蛋白质的转译受阻而失去原有编码蛋白质的功能。mi RNA在细胞分裂周期中影响着基因的表达调控,在此过程中基因表达的失控就可能导致疾病的发生。而肿瘤的发生是以细胞恶变为基础,细胞恶变则是与细胞周期调控因素失衡相关,由此提示了一些mi RNA可能参与了肿瘤的发生、发展过程并在其中发挥了重要作用。随着研究的深入,mi RNA逐渐成为肿瘤诊治的新研究方向。本文主要讨论mi RNA在肿瘤基因表达调控方面的研究进展。
The survey shows that the mortality rate of malignant tumors in both urban and rural areas in China is a relatively high level in the world, and it has continued to increase. Recent studies have found that many factors are involved in the occurrence and development of tumors, of which mi RNA may play an important role. The mi RNA is a non-coding short sequence RNA with a length of about 22 nt, which leads to degradation of the target m RNA by mediating specific gene silencing, which causes the translation of the corresponding protein to be blocked and loses the function of the original encoded protein. Mi RNA influences the regulation of gene expression during the cell division cycle. During the process, the loss of gene expression may lead to the occurrence of disease. The occurrence of tumors is based on the malignant transformation of cells. Cell malignancy is related to the imbalance of cell cycle control factors. This suggests that some mi RNA may participate in the occurrence and development of tumors and play an important role in them. With the deepening of research, mi RNA has gradually become a new research direction for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. This article focuses on the research progress of mi RNA in the regulation of tumor gene expression.