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本文根据模型试验和在滁州市进行的碾压式均质土坝现场溃坝试验研究,发现土坝漫顶溃决是个逐渐发展的过程,溃决持续时间一般在2h以上。结合滁州市2008年发生的2座小水库成功抢险案例分析,认为土坝遇洪水漫顶采用应急抢险泄流方案是可行的。具体的抢险方法应该依据具体坝体特征,选择坝体两端坝高较低、坝基基岩较高、对下游影响较小的坝段开挖泄流槽引冲形成局部溃口泄洪,避免主坝段溃决造成重大损失。泄流槽应有足够宽度,深度以能够确保泄流槽形成自身冲刷为宜,推荐泄流槽开挖深度应该大于1m。
According to the model test and the experimental study on the dam failure of the RCC homogeneous earth dam in Chuzhou City, it is found that the overbreak of the earth dam is a gradual development process. The duration of the collapse is usually over 2 hours. Combined with the successful rescue case analysis of two small reservoirs in Chuzhou City in 2008, it is feasible to adopt the emergency rescue and drainage scheme when the dam is flooded. Specific rescue methods should be based on the characteristics of specific dam body, dam body at both ends of the dam is selected to be low, high bedrock foundation, the downstream impact of a smaller section of the excavation Drainage slot lead to the formation of local breach flood discharge to avoid the main dam Paralysis caused heavy losses. The drain tank should have enough width and depth to ensure that the drain tank should form its own flushing. It is recommended that the drain tank be excavated to a depth greater than 1 m.