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目的分析北京市海淀区2016年14起诺如病毒感染聚集、暴发疫情发生规律及流行病学特征。方法采用现场流行病学调查方法对资料进行描述性分析和χ~2检验。结果 14起诺如病毒感染聚集、暴发疫情中3起为GⅠ感染疫情,11起为GⅡ感染疫情;共报告病例422例,罹患率在8.67%~66.67%之间;疫情集中在4 6月和10 12月,全年形成两个高峰;粪便标本阳性率59.88%(100/167);呕吐物标本阳性率12.50%(1/8);病例中不同年龄组的罹患率及5种症状(呕吐、腹泻、发热、恶心、腹痛)的发生情况差异均有统计学意义。结论 2016年海淀区诺如病毒感染聚集、暴发疫情主要集中在托幼机构、中小学校和人员密集的集体单位;以感染诺如病毒GⅡ型为主;各年龄段普遍易感,学龄前儿童罹患率最高;以人-人接触和(或)气溶胶吸入方式传播;多发生在春季和秋冬季;主要症状为呕吐和腹泻。
Objective To analyze the occurrence and epidemiological characteristics of 14 Norovirus infections in Haidian District in Beijing in 2016. Methods A descriptive analysis and χ ~ 2 test were conducted on the field epidemiological survey. Results Of the 14 cases of Norovirus infection, 3 were outbreaks of GⅠ outbreak and 11 were outbreaks of G Ⅱ infection. A total of 422 cases were reported, with the prevalence ranging from 8.67% to 66.67%. The outbreaks were concentrated in June and June The positive rate of stool specimens was 59.88% (100/167) and the positive rate of vomit specimens was 12.50% (1/8) respectively. The attack rate and five kinds of symptoms of different age groups (vomiting , Diarrhea, fever, nausea, abdominal pain) were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Norovirus infection in Haidian District was mainly concentrated in kindergartens, primary and secondary schools, and intensively-populated collective units in 2016. Norovirus type G Ⅱ infection was predominant. It was generally susceptible in all age groups. Preschool-age children suffered from The highest rate; People-to-person contact and / or aerosol inhalation; Mostly occurs in the spring and autumn and winter; The main symptoms are vomiting and diarrhea.