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目的:探讨经直肠超声造影靶向引导穿刺在TRUS未发现病灶的可疑前列腺癌患者中的临床应用价值。方法:对64例血清前列腺特异抗原(PSA)升高(≥4.00ng/ml)且TRUS检查未发现病灶的患者进行经直肠超声造影(CE-TRUS)检查,检查后即刻在TRUS引导下,对每位患者前列腺的双侧底部、中部的内、外侧区和双侧前列腺尖部行10点系统穿刺以及CE-TRUS发现的异常区域行靶向穿刺,以穿刺病理结果为金标准,统计分析CE-TRUS图像结果和病理结果。结果:64例患者共穿刺701针,病理诊断前列腺癌14例(21.9%),共80针(11.4%)。CE-TRUS发现异常者22例,其中前列腺癌9例,CE-TRUS诊断前列腺癌的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为64.2%(9/14)、74.0%(37/50)、71.8%(46/64);CE-TRUS靶向穿刺点的单针阳性率(50.8%)高于系统穿刺的(7.7%)(P0.05). Conclusion: CE-TRUS enables excellent visualization of the prostate cancer with negative findings by transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS), and CE-TRUS targeted biopsy provides a significant benefit for the detection of prostate cancer, but systematic biopsies should not be eliminated on basis of many prostate cancers missed by CE-TRUS .