Summary: To investigate therapeutic efficiency of Ad/CMV-hTGF-β1 gene for rabbit intervertebral disc degeneration model. 60 Japanese white rabbits were selected to form the L5-L6 Anterior-Lateral-Anulus-Fibrosus-Incision-Induced model in order to simulate human intervertebral disc degeneration. 36 rabbits, whose corresponding intervertebral discs were injected with 20 μl (10×106 pfu)of Ad/CMV-hTGF-β1 gene, constituted the therapy group, 12 were injected with 20 μl (10×106 pfu)of Ad/CMV-LacZ gene as comparison group, while 12 were only injected with equivalent capacity of saline for empty comparison group. 3 weeks after injection, examples were taken for investigation of HE staining, MRI, Western Blotting and immunohistochemical research TGF-β1. Wide distribution of TGF-β1 was detected by immunohistochemical research in the degenerated annulus fibrosus after injection. Western Blotting research showed significant increase of TGF-β1 content in intervertebral discs treated with TGF-β1 gene than comparison groups. MRI signal transformed from low to comparatively high and that intervertebral disc pathological degree improved. Ad/CMV-hTGF-β1 gene transfection is a potential method to increase TGF-β1 content and reverse intervertebral disc degeneration. Summary: To investigate therapeutic efficiency of Ad / CMV-hTGF-β1 gene for rabbit intervertebral disc degeneration model. 60 Japanese white rabbits were selected to form the L5-L6 Anterior-Lateral-Anulus-Fibrosus-Incision-Induced model in order to simulate The rabbits, whose corresponding intervertebral discs were injected with 20 μl (10 × 106 pfu) of Ad / CMV-hTGF-β1 gene, composed of the therapy group, 12 were injected with 20 μl (10 × 10 6 pfu) of Ad / CMV-LacZ gene as comparison group, while 12 were only injected with equivalent capacity of saline for empty comparison group. 3 weeks after injection, examples were taken for investigation of HE staining, MRI, Western Blotting and immunohistochemical research TGF-β1 . Wide distribution of TGF-β1 was detected by immunohistochemical research in the degenerated annulus fibrosus after injection. Western Blotting research showed significant increase of TGF-β1 content in intervertebral discs treated with T GF-β1 gene than comparison groups. MRI signal transformed from low to comparatively high and that intervertebral disc pathological degree improved. Ad / CMV-hTGF-β1 gene transfection is a potential method to increase TGF-β1 content and reverse intervertebral disc degeneration.