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广州是伊斯兰教传入中国最早的城市之一,也是研究中国城市的本土穆斯林群体起源与发展的重要场所。本文通过对广州回族研究文献和历次广州人口普查资料的研究,探讨了广州1990年以来的回族社会空间的演变过程与原因。改革开放以来,由于城市经济发展与外来回族人口的大规模迁入,广州明清以来形成的回坊逐渐消解,回族人口的集聚度趋于下降,回族社区呈现碎片化的空间格局。广州的回族社会深受经济全球化与人口流动两大因素的影响。全球贸易的波动会对从事翻译与对外贸易的回族群体产生重要影响,城市中心区的高地租与教育成本导致回族居民倾向于选择城郊的楼盘和城中村居住,以清真餐饮业为主体的回族族裔经济模式则在空间竞争的过程中完成了回族人口的空间扩散。碎片化的回族社会空间特征也给城市回族的宗教生活与日常生活带来挑战,亟待政府相关部门的重视与解决。
Guangzhou is one of the earliest cities where Islam spread to China and is also an important place to study the origin and development of local Muslim communities in Chinese cities. Based on the research of Guangzhou Hui literature and the census data of Guangzhou in the past, this paper explores the evolution and reasons of the social space of Hui in Guangzhou since 1990. Since the reform and opening up, due to the urban economic development and the large-scale immigration of Hui people, the Hui Square formed in Guangzhou has been gradually dissolved and the concentration of the Hui population tends to decline. The Hui community presents a fragmented spatial pattern. The Hui community in Guangzhou is greatly influenced by two major factors: economic globalization and population migration. The volatility of global trade will have a significant impact on the Hui ethnic groups engaged in translation and foreign trade. The high rent and education costs in urban centers lead to the preference of Hui residents for living in suburbs and urban villages, and the Hui ethnic group mainly consisting of Muslim restaurants Asian economic model completes the spatial diffusion of the Hui population in the process of space competition. The fragmented social spatial characteristics of the Hui community also posed challenges to the religious life and daily life of the Hui people in the city, which is urgently needed by the relevant government departments.