目的研究鉴别诊断咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)与感染后咳嗽的影响因素。方法分析144例咳嗽变异性哮喘患儿和52例感染后咳嗽患儿的临床资料。结果 144例CVA患儿和52例感染后咳嗽患儿比较,在性别、是否夜间咳嗽、是否活动后咳嗽加重及湿疹史等方面,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组年龄、咳嗽时间及肺功能实验严重程度方面比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 CVA高发年龄为3~6岁,而感染后咳嗽高发年龄为3~6岁组和>6岁。气道反应性增高是CVA的危险因素。 Objective To study the differential diagnosis of cough variant asthma (CVA) and post-infection cough factors. Methods The clinical data of 144 children with cough variant asthma and 52 children with cough after infection were analyzed. Results There was no significant difference between the two groups (P> 0.05) in 144 cases of CVA children and 52 cases of children with post-infection cough. There was no significant difference between the two groups in gender, cough at night, post-event cough and history of eczema. Two groups of age, cough time and severity of pulmonary function test, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusions The high incidence of CVA is 3-6 years old, while the incidence of cough after infection is 3-6 years old and> 6 years old. Increased airway reactivity is a risk factor for CVA.