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【目的】探讨注意缺陷多动障碍患儿的父母养育方式和自我意识特征,以便更好地促进患儿身心健康发展。【方法】采用父母养育方式和儿童自我意识量表对ADHD儿童和正常儿童分别进行评估。【结果】ADHD儿童的父母在理解及温暖的情感养育儿童方面得分明显低于正常组(P<0.05),ADHD儿童父亲更多拒绝和否定患儿,母亲则更多严厉惩罚患儿(P<0.05),差异有统计学意义。而在偏爱、过度保护、干涉方面两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。ADHD患儿行为、智力与学校情况、躯体外貌与属性、合群、幸福满足及总分低于对照组,焦虑分高于对照组。患儿的自我意识水平与父母养育方式中的多个因子相关。【结论】ADHD儿童的父母不能理解患儿,不能以温暖的情感养育患儿,更多的采用拒绝和否定,严厉惩罚儿童,同时ADHD患儿的自我意识发展不良,自我评价低。患儿的自我意识低下与父母养育方式不当相关。
【Objective】 To investigate the parental rearing patterns and self-awareness characteristics of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in order to better promote their physical and mental health development. 【Methods】 ADHD children and normal children were evaluated by parental rearing style and children’s self-awareness scale respectively. 【Results】 Parents of ADHD children scored significantly lower than those of normal children in understanding and warm affective parenting (P <0.05), while fathers of ADHD children refused and denied children more, while mothers punished children more severely (P < 0.05), the difference was statistically significant. There was no significant difference between the two groups in preference, over-protection and intervention (P> 0.05). ADHD children behavior, intelligence and school conditions, body appearance and attributes, gregariousness, happiness satisfaction and total score lower than the control group, anxiety score higher than the control group. The level of self-awareness in children correlates with multiple factors in parental rearing patterns. 【Conclusion】 Parents of ADHD children can not comprehend the children and can not nurture the children with warm feelings. Instead, they use more refusal and negation to punish children severely. At the same time, ADHD children develop poor self-awareness and low self-evaluation. Children with low self-awareness and improper parenting methods related.