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以中熟中粳超级稻徐稻3号为供试材料,研究麦茬田高、中、低3种地力水平下施氮肥(0、148.5、223.5、297.0、372.0、445.5kghm-2)对超级稻产量及其构成因素、氮素利用率、稻米品质的影响。结果表明:(1)徐稻3号的产量在不同施氮水平下均表现高地力>中地力>低地力的趋势;高、中、低地力上出现的最高产量对应的最适施氮量分别为260.8、290.5和345.5kghm-2。(2)氮肥表观利用率与施氮量之间存在显著或极显著的二次相关关系,高、中、低3种地力土壤条件下氮肥最高利用率对应的施氮量分别为268.6、293.4和335.2kghm-2。(3)培肥地力有利于稻米营养品质、加工品质、蒸煮食味品质的提高,不同地力土壤要施适量氮肥才可以改善稻米的外观品质,优化稻米的营养品质。综合高产、优质、高效目标,建议该区超级稻施氮范围为高地力田240.0~270.0kghm-2,中地力田285.0~315.0kghm-2,低地力田330.0~360.0kghm-2。
The experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer (0,148.5,223.5,297.0,372.0,445.5kghm-2) on the yield of super rice at three high, medium and low levels of wheat stubble, And its components, nitrogen utilization, rice quality. The results showed that: (1) The yield of Xudian 3 showed the trend of high geostress> mid-earth force> low geo-availability under different levels of nitrogen application. The optimum nitrogen rates corresponding to the highest yields of high, medium and low 260.8, 290.5 and 345.5 kghm-2. (2) There was a significant or extremely significant quadratic correlation between the apparent nitrogen use efficiency and the N application rate. The highest N application rate under high, medium and low soil fertility conditions was 268.6, 293.4 And 335.2 kghm-2. (3) Soil fertility is conducive to the improvement of nutritional quality, processing quality and cooking and eating quality of rice. Appropriate amounts of nitrogen fertilizer can improve the appearance quality of rice and optimize the nutritional quality of rice. Based on the goal of high yield, high quality and high efficiency, it is suggested that the range of nitrogen application for super rice in this area is 240.0 ~ 270.0kghm-2 in highland field, 285.0 ~ 315.0kghm-2 in middle field and 330.0 ~ 360.0kghm-2 in lowland field.