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在模拟降雨条件下对5种土壤(砾石质量分数分别为0、10%、20%、30%、40%)的坡面流速及产流产沙过程进行研究,以期深入了解含砾石土壤的水土流失过程。结果表明:含砾石土壤的坡面流速和径流量大于不含砾石的土壤;在降雨初期0～10 min内,含砾石土壤的产沙量随时间呈显著增加趋势,峰值出现在10 min左右,随后产沙量逐渐降低;降雨后期30～60 min内,含砾石土壤的产沙量又呈增加趋势,尤其是砾石含量为30%和40%的土壤产沙量显著增加,且随时间有一定波动。试验中,5种土壤的总产沙量与砾石含量正相关,径流含沙率与产沙量则呈显著线性正相关。
The runoff velocity and runoff and sediment yield of five soils (gravel mass fraction 0, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% respectively) under simulated rainfall conditions were studied in order to gain a better understanding of the soil and water loss of gravelly soil process. The results showed that the flow rate and runoff of gravelly soil were higher than those of gravelless soil. The sediment yield of gravelly soil increased significantly with time from 0 to 10 min in the early stage of rainfall, and the peak appeared at about 10 min, The sediment yield then gradually decreased. Within 30-60 min of rainfall, the sediment yield of gravelly soil showed an increasing trend. Especially, the sediment yield of soils with gravel content of 30% and 40% increased significantly and over time fluctuation. In the experiment, the total sediment yield of the five kinds of soils was positively correlated with the gravel content. The runoff sedimentation rate and the sediment yield showed a significant linear positive correlation.