目的了解衢州市早产儿气质特征以及气质维度和气质类型的相关影响因素。方法选择衢州市接受儿童系统管理的早产儿170人和正常足月儿154人,应用《5～11月婴儿气质问卷》,以及自行设计的出生和家庭养育环境调查表,进行气质评定和相关因素调查。结果早产儿气质类型以中间型为主,其次是困难型。不同胎龄早产儿气质维度中适应性和持久性得分有差异。家庭经济水平影响早产儿气质的节律性、心境、适应性和反应阈等多个维度,母亲文化程度影响活动水平和持久性,胎龄和出生窒息影响趋避性,出生体重影响节律性,母亲年龄、喂养方式和出生时肺发育异常影响注意分散。早产儿困难型气质类型的影响因素有胎龄、分娩方式和出生后放保温箱。结论早产胎龄越小适应性越慢,且持久性短暂。胎龄小、难产且出生后需要放保温箱的早产儿容易出现困难型气质。母亲文化程度高,家庭经济条件比较好,重视孕期保健,有利于儿童形成良好的气质。 Objective To understand the characteristics of temperament and the related factors of temperament and temperament in Quzhou premature infants. Methods A total of 170 preterm children and 154 full-term infants undergoing systemic management in children were enrolled in this study. The questionnaire of infant temperament from May to November and self-designed questionnaire about birth and family rearing were selected to assess the quality of life and related factors survey. Results The type of temperament in preterm infants was mainly middle type, followed by difficult type. There were differences in adaptability and persistence scores in temperament dimensions of preterm infants of different gestational ages. The level of family economy affected the rhythm, mood, adaptability and response threshold of temperament in preterm infants. The level of maternal education affected the level of activity and persistence, the avoidance of gestational age and birth asphyxia, the influence of birth weight on rhythm, maternal age , Feeding methods and the impact of abnormal lung development at birth, attention to dispersion. Preterm infants with difficult type of temperament factors are gestational age, mode of delivery and incubator after birth. Conclusions The smaller the gestational age of preterm labor, the slower the adaptability and persistence is short. Small gestational age, dystocia and need to put incubator after birth prone to difficult temperament temperament. A high degree of mother education, family economy is better, emphasis on health care during pregnancy, help children form a good temperament.