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科学合理地进行公路建设自然环境影响评价是正确处理公路建设和自然环境保护之间关系、实施可持续发展的前提。分析了现行公路设计相关规范,提出了适用于公路设计方案比选需求的自然环境影响评价指标体系和评价方法。采用公路路线设计、桥梁设计、隧道设计、防护工程和临时工程5个方面共17个指标进行评价,并在规范和一定数据统计的基础上,给出了各个评价等级的标准。用层次分析法(AHP)确定子系统的权重,熵值法确定评价指标的权重,以求同时反映评价分级的主观性和实测数据的客观性。以常吉高速公路为实例,分析结果表明:该公路自然环境影响等级属于“良好”级偏“中”;与实际情况相符,表明评价方法可行。
Scientific and reasonable highway construction natural environmental impact assessment is the premise of correctly handling the relationship between highway construction and natural environment protection and implementing sustainable development. The relevant norms of current highway design are analyzed and the index system and evaluation method of natural environment impact assessment suitable for the comparison and selection of highway design are put forward. 17 indicators including highway route design, bridge design, tunnel design, protection engineering and temporary engineering are evaluated. Based on the standard and certain data statistics, the standards of each evaluation level are given. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to determine the weights of the subsystems. The entropy method is used to determine the weights of the evaluation indexes so as to reflect both the subjectivity of the ratings and the objectivity of the measured data. Taking Changji Expressway as an example, the analysis results show that the natural environmental impact grade of the highway belongs to “good ” grade “”; in line with the actual situation, indicating that the evaluation method is feasible.